Keaton in the USSR: Mysteries of Soviet Film Distribution
Since we're planning to present a copy of Sherlock Jr. preserved in the Gosfilmofond to the world in the near future — and, if all goes well, other treasures too (besides Sherlock Jr., the official Soviet film distribution lineup also included Our Hospitality, Three Ages, and The General, in that order) — let's take a moment to dive into the history of the Soviet fascination with Hollywood in general, and Buster Keaton in particular, to understand what these copies are and how they ended up there.
In many interviews over the years, Buster Keaton delighted in recalling that at one time he even surpassed Charlie Chaplin in popularity in "the most impossible country in the world" — Russia (then, of course, the Soviet Union). This was brought to his attention by the famous movie stars Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford, who visited Moscow in the summer of 1926. Archival press studies reveal some truth to this claim. Just before the actors couple’s visit, following the triumphant Soviet screenings of Our Hospitality in the winter of 1926 and Three Ages soon after, Soviet audiences indeed fell in love with Keaton. Local film critics didn’t merely view his films as good entertainment, but admired them as high art, praising his acting style, subtle humor, and cinematic craftsmanship. However, Keaton also never forgot to note that despite his popularity, he received no financial benefit from it, because the Soviets allegedly used to get a single copy of his film from Germany for $5,000 and then just duplicate it for screenings all across the country. Let’s try to investigate how true this claim might be by delving into the history of Soviet film distribution.